He gave armed support to Tokhtamysh, who was the Mongol khan of Crimea and a refugee at his court, against the Russians (who had risen against the khan of the Golden Horde, Mamai) and his troops occupied Moscow and defeated the Lithuanians near Poltava. Islamic world: Timur’s efforts to restore Mongol powerįor the next 10 years Timur fought against the khans of Jatah (eastern Turkistan) and Khwārezm, finally occupying Kashgar in 1380. About 1370 Timur turned against Husayn, besieged him in Balkh, and, after Husayn’s assassination, proclaimed himself at Samarkand sovereign of the Chagatai line of khans and restorer of the Mongol empire.
They defeated Ilyas Khoja (1364) and set out to conquer Transoxania, achieving firm possession of the region around 1366. But shortly afterward Timur fled and rejoined his brother-in-law Amir Husayn, the grandson of Amir Kazgan. Tughluq Temür appointed his son Ilyas Khoja as governor of Transoxania, with Timur as his minister. After the death in 1357 of Transoxania’s current ruler, Amir Kazgan, Timur declared his fealty to the khan of nearby Kashgar, Tughluq Temür, who had overrun Transoxania’s chief city, Samarkand, in 1361. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate. Timur was a member of the Turkicized Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan’s son Chagatai’s campaigns in that region. Timur, also spelled Timour, byname Timur Lenk or Timurlenk (Turkish: “Timur the Lame”), English Tamerlane or Tamburlaine, (born 1336, Kesh, near Samarkand, Transoxania -died February 19, 1405, Otrar, near Chimkent ), Turkic conqueror, chiefly remembered for the barbarity of his conquests from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea and for the cultural achievements of his dynasty. The Timurid dynasty survived in Central Asia for a century, and Timur’s descendant Bābur founded the Muslim line of Indian emperors known as the Great Mughals. His mausoleum there, the Gūr-e Amīr, is one of the gems of Islamic art. Under Timur and his successors, Samarkand became a centre of scholarship and science.
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